Development of Data Logger for COVID Vaccine Temperature Monitoring System

The Data Logger (DL) is a unique tool created to carry out the typical duty of gathering data in a specific area. This common task can include measuring humidity, temperature, pressure or any other physical quantities. Due to the current pandemic situation, its use in temperature monitoring of Covid vaccine will be crucial. According to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, COVID vaccine can be stored and transported at -80 °C, -20°C and +2-8°C and shelf life is reduced as vaccine is transferred from one storage temperature to another. So cost effective, efficient and standalone Data Logger (DL) is the need of the hour. The Data logger is proposed to be developed with the use of ESP8266 Node MCU microcontroller. It takes power from a 5V Battery. DS18B20 sensor will be used for temperature sensing. Here we will use Wi-Fi module of ESP8266 Node MCU to send the temperature data from sensor to the Google Sheet over the internet. This real time data will be stored in the format of time and month/date/year. Data logged in Google Sheet will be displayed to the user with the help of graphical user interface (GUI) which is developed using PYTHON scripting language. GUI will allow user to interact with Data Logger through visual graphs. The Data Logger components are mounted on a double layered PCB. © 2022 IEEE.

Automated Contactless Continuous Temperature Monitoring System for Pandemic Disease Controlling Infrastructures

People are being thermally screened in hospitals and in such facilities, all the data collected must be stored and displayed. The person responsible for keeping track of people's body temperatures must put in more time and effort. This approach is a tedious task, especially during times of dealing with the pandemic diseases like Covid-19. Hence, in this paper, an automated contactless continuous temperature monitoring system is designed to eliminate this time-consuming process. If a person's temperature is too high, that is, higher than the usual temperature range, the system records it and monitors it continuously via a mobile application. In this paper, we present the development of an Automated contactless continuous body temperature monitoring system using a Raspberry Pi camera and mobile application. © 2023 IEEE.

Real-time scanning and tracking of health records through a centralized ecosystem based on Internet of Things and fog computing

Rapid improvements in healthcare services and affordable IoT in the past decade have been a big help in dealing with the issue of fewer medical facilities. Unfortunately, some people still choose not to get immunized, thus fear and reluctance remain a part of human existence despite widespread vaccination initiatives. Therefore, it is important to screen this group of potential spreaders as soon as possible since they may become infected and transfer viruses to others. It is in this context that the pharmaceutical sector might benefit from highly developed health monitoring systems. This work has created and tested a multi-node architecture based on Fog computing to perform real-time initial screening and recording of such individuals, therefore addressing the demand and reducing the unpredictability of the scenario. In addition to capturing photographs of the subject's face, the suggested device also recorded the subject's current body temperature and GPS locations. As an added bonus, the suggested system could upload information to a remote server over the internet. To test the viability of the proposed system, a thorough examination of the existing work environment was carried out, including implementation and evaluations. From the results of the statistical analysis, it was seen that the suggested IoT Fog-enabled ecosystem may be put to good use. © 2023 IEEE.

Health Care Monitoring Application using IoT Devices

Nowadays, health monitoring is crucial, especially monitoring the temperature and heartbeat of the patient in Covid / non-Covid situations. Continued monitoring of the patient is not a possible and tedious job. IoT plays a critical role in Hospitals where patients are in Intensive Care Units (ICU), and patients are treated at home (isolation points). The devices receive data continuously and monitor by the doctors remotely. This paper presents temperature and heartbeat monitoring using Internet Of Things (IoT) devices with an algorithm to capture data from devices and sends it to computer devices at a reasonable cost. Proof Of Concept has been created with the help of an Arduino board, Pulse Sensor, Temperature Sensor, Breadboard, ESP8266 Wi-Fi module, and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). The IoT devices capture data from different devices (patient health data) in real time. The Health Care Monitoring (HCM) Application builds using microservices architecture, runs on top of the Thingspeak data, and sends notifications to the doctors if there is an emergency. The doctors can act according to rather than monitor continuously. This model eliminates manual intervention for taking the reading from time to time. © 2022 IEEE.

Implementation of Social Distancing Device

As the continued COVID-19 outbreak has brought about an international catastrophe with spreading. Due to the absence of powerful remedial sellers and the lack of immunizations in opposition to the virus, populace vulnerability increases. Therefore, social distancing is a concept to be a good enough precaution in opposition to the pandemic virus. As discussed, this paper present and discuss the ideology of how to provide automated social distancing by measuring the distance between the user and the opposite person and monitoring the temperature of the user, alarming them when social distancing is violated and also if the temperature is raised more than a normal body temperature by using a microcontroller named Arduino with ultrasonic sensor and PIR sensor as a detecting medium. To achieve this objective, we have developed a small wrist device that can help users to be safe in public places, crowded areas, etc., and also easier to wear and use as it is like a smartwatch. Detailed processes and work are shown in this paper. © 2022 IEEE.

Arduino based Touchless Temperature Sensing Visitor Notification System

The highly contagious COVID'19 virus's extensive distribution caused the pandemic, which intensified the importance of personal cleanliness and health. Wearing a protective face mask, keeping a certain physical distance, and regularly washing your hands with soap or hand sanitizer are a few precautions you may take to stay safe during this pandemic. An automatic touchless temperature-monitoring doorbell can provide guarded and touch-free temperature sensing, thus informing the household members. The widespread usage of outdated touch-type doorbells may result in the transmission of the coronavirus. The aforementioned article describes a novel approach to creating a Novel Doorbell system that can be activated using gestures and simultaneously detects the person's temperature and notifies the home of a suspected infectious disease. © 2023 IEEE.

CovScan: Smart non-contact IR-Temperature scanning and online database system integrated with RFID authentication

Considering the public safety in current COVID-19 out-break, an IOT (Internet of Things) based non-contact temperature monitoring system integrated with RFID authentication system with an interactive Android application, and a web-portal to manage users and temperature records has been proposed. Temperature screening has become essential for all the industries, educational institutions, factories and corporate sector. This system is an online real-time non-contact monitoring system with an interactive android application and user-friendly web portal that help end-users to monitor and keep a record of temperature variations of registered users on daily/weekly/monthly basis. The temperature records are saved in a real-time database which is embedded with the user's RFID card information. In case of an alert (high temperature), a notification is sent to the authorized personnel on their cellphones or their desktop systems via web portal. An alarm is also generated immediately on the device (buzzer and blinking LEDs) to indicate high temperature, alerting the nearby security staff. As per the survey and testing of the device under different temperature environments it has been found that the proposed system has an overall accuracy of 99%. © 2022 IEEE.

Mobile-based medical alert system for COVID-19 based on ZigBee and WiFi

ZigBee technology is preferably been used for health monitoring as it consumes very less power, high reliability, and low expenses. In this paper, mobile-based medical alert system for COVID-19 detection system using ZigBee technology is proposed. The health report of the user will be sent to the caretaker or doctor via cloud computing network so that they can analyze the problem. The real-time monitoring of health temperature and symptoms of COVID-19 and data transmission via remote sensing is also realized. © 2022 Scrivener Publishing LLC.

One Degree of Freedom Copter Design and Control using Smart and Simple PID Controller

A one-degree-of-freedom (1-Dol) copter is designed, implemented, and controlled by an electronically programmed PID controller. The control of (1-DOF) copter leads to rising of the required vision for controlling stability in the designing of (2-Dofs) quadcopter;were copters are used in many fields. Nowadays, the Covid-19 pandemic causes many challenges in health sectors, especially in patient's isolation centers, which forces the health team to take a lot of precautions when dealing with the patient, by using an optimally controlled quadcopter for dealing patients, one can prevent them from infection. The required dealing involves pharmaceutical submission and temperature monitoring which can be handled by these copters with specific sensors and vision. So, there is a need for high stability and accuracy in the movement with a high speed of balancing. This work is testing one axis of these copters by designing, implementing, and controlling a one-axis copter with a simple PID controller, the controller is implemented by using an Arduino controller, with a satisfaction measure for the required balancing of 97% accuracy. © 2022 IEEE.

Implementation of radiotherapy in a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang province during the epidemic of COVID-19.

Objective: To explore the clinical practice of delivering radiotherapy during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19). Method(s): During this epidemic period, available method including but not limited to: strict disinfection, body temperature monitoring and staff training of relevant knowledge, were used to ensure the safety of radiotherapy treatment. Statistical analysis was performed to study the relevant data including proportion of patients receiving radiotherapy for different purposes, time from scanning to the first time of radiation delivery and degree of satisfaction in the view of staffs and patients, respectively. Result(s): A total of 60 patients received radiation therapy in the department of radiotherapy of Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (2020-02-11). Compared with the same period in 2019 (after the Spring Festival), the total number of patients receiving radiotherapy was decreased from 72 to 60(83.3%). Among them, the number of patients receiving palliative radiation therapy decreased significantly, while the proportion of radical, preoperative and/or postoperative radiotherapy/radiochemotherapy did not significantly decrease. There was significant difference between two years (chi2=6.967, P<0.05). The median time for newly admitted patients to receive radiotherapy was two days, which was not significantly longer than the interval in 2019 (P>0.05). Staff and patients were generally satisfied with the current prevention measures. Conclusion(s): Using a variety of prevention and control method, and taking full account of medical safety and patient benefits, radiation-related activities can be carried out during the epidemic.Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.

Design of the Intelligent Tracing Medicine Delivery Car Based on the Single-Chip Microcomputer

With the outbreak of the Covid-19 epidemic and the normalization of epidemic prevention, various epidemic prevention equipment has been used in all walks of life. In terms of delivering medicines to patients, the intelligent tracing medicine delivery car plays an important role. The car takes the STC89C52 microcontroller as the core of the intelligent car, adopts the L298N as the chip of the electric drive, and selects the DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor as the temperature and humidity detection. The car includes a line patrol module, an obstacle avoidance module, a temperature-humidity monitoring module, a display module, an infrared module, an alarm module, a drive module and a key module, etc. Finally, intelligent car realizes these functions, such as tracing the black line, avoiding obstacles by infrared, alarm, monitoring temperature and humidity, and displaying temperature and humidity. © 2022 ACM.

A randomised feasibility study of serial magnetic resonance imaging to reduce treatment times in Charcot neuroarthropathy in people with diabetes (CADOM).

AIM: This study aims to explore the feasibility of using serial MRI without contrast in the monitoring of Charcot neuroarthropathy to reduce duration of immobilisation of the foot, in order to decide whether a large-scale trial is warranted. METHODS: A multicentre, randomised, prospective, two arm, open, feasibility study (CADOM) of people with diabetes with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of Charcot neuroarthropathy. Participants were randomised (1:1) to 'standard care plus', including repeated foot temperature measurements and X-rays, or the intervention arm, with additional three-monthly MRI, until remission of Charcot neuroarthropathy or a maximum 12 months (active phase). Participants were then followed-up for a further 6 months, post remission to monitor for relapse of the Charcot neuroarthropathy (follow-up phase). Feasibility outcomes were recruitment, retention, data completeness, adherence to study procedures and safety of the intervention MRI. We also collected clinical efficacy outcomes, this included time in cast/off-loading device which will be the primary outcome of a future definitive trial. Finally, we collected patient reported outcomes, and data on health and social care usage. RESULTS: One-hundred and five people were assessed for eligibility at five sites. 64/105 potential participants meet the eligibility criteria to participate in the study. Forty-three participants were randomised: 20 to standard care plus and 23 to MRI intervention. The main reason for ineligibility was a previous episode of Charcot neuroarthropathy. Thirteen participants were withdrawn post-randomisation due to an alternative diagnosis being made. Of the remaining 30 participants, 19 achieved remission, 6 had not gone into remission at the end of the 12 month active phase so exited the study. Five participants were lost to follow-up. Of the MRIs that were not disrupted by COVID-19 pandemic 26/31 (84%) were completed. For the visits that were conducted face-to-face, completion rates of patient-reported outcome measures were between 71 and 100%. There were no safety incidents associated with the intervention MRI. As this was a feasibility study it was not designed to test the effectiveness of serial MRI in diagnosing remission. The time in cast/off-loading device was 235 (±108.3) days for the standard care plus arm compared to 292 (±177.4) days for the intervention arm. There was no statistical difference in the time in cast/off-loading device between the two arms of the study: Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.405 (95% CI 0.140-1.172), p = 0.096. DISCUSSION: The findings support a definitive randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of MRI in diagnosing remission in Charcot neuroarthropathy. The rates of recruitment, retention, data, and MRI completeness show that a definitive study is feasible. STUDY REGISTRATION: ISRCTN, 74101606 . Registered on 6 November 2017.

A Wearable Temperature Sensor Network to Address the COVID-19 Pandemic Emergency †

In the current COVID-19 emergency, to reduce the infection risk, several types of body temperature sensors, e.g., thermal imaging cameras and infrared thermometers, have been used to monitor people who access enclosed public spaces. In some buildings, where people are located for several hours, continuous monitoring could be useful. For this reason, in three schools, we have proposed and tested a body temperature sensor network based on wearable temperature sensors monitored via Bluetooth 5.0 using smartphones and/or custom gateways. The data are collected on a server via the internet, and custom software is used to control the measured temperature and to produce warnings automatically. © 2022 by the authors.

Capsule-based colorimetric temperature monitoring system for customizable cold chain management.

The COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting supply chain disruption have rekindled crucial needs for safe storage and transportation of essential items. Despite recent advances, existing temperature monitoring technologies for cold chain management fall short in reliability, cost, and flexibility toward customized cold chain management for various products with different required temperature. In this work, we report a novel capsule-based colorimetric temperature monitoring system with precise and readily tunable temperature ranges. Triple emulsion drop-based microfluidic technique enables rapid production of monodisperse microcapsules with an interstitial phase-change oil (PCO) layer with precise control over its dimension and composition. Liquid-solid phase transition of the PCO layer below its freezing point triggers the release of the encapsulated payload yielding drastic change in color, allowing user-friendly visual monitoring in a highly sensitive manner. Simple tuning of the PCO layer's compositions can further broaden the temperature range in a precisely controlled manner. The proposed simple scheme can readily be formulated to detect both temperature rise in the frozen environment and freeze detection as well as multiple temperature monitoring. Combined, these results support a significant step forward for the development of customizable colorimetric monitoring of a broad range of temperatures with precision.

Downtime Prevention Using Failover on IoT-based Contactless Temperature Checkers

Covid-19 is a highly contagious disease. Prevention needs to be done to avoid interaction between humans. One of the preventions is checking body temperature. However, a body temperature checker with contact is very risky. Currently, IoT can be applied as a body temperature checking device using the MQTT protocol. However, the MQTT protocol is dependent on the broker, so if the broker is interrupted, it cannot publish information and customers cannot subscribe to topics so that information from censors cannot be received. To overcome this problem, a failover mechanism is needed. In this paper, we develop an Internet of Things (IoT) based automated and contactless body temperature monitoring tool using the MQTT and failover protocols. The failover method is used to support the availability of the MQTT broker. This system is based on a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller with MLX96014 contactless temperature sensor, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor, and Buzzer. The monitoring system is built using Node-Red and stores data using a MySQL database. The test results show the availability of the value reaches a value of 99.96%. Meanwhile, QoS shows that a broker with failover is better than a broker without failover. © 2022 IEEE.

Smart Door System for Maintaining Social Distancing and Controlling Spread of Infectious Disease

COVID-19, also known as coronavirus, has spread throughout the world and changed all facets of lives drastically. Though the vaccines are being distributed, the situation is still miserable in many countries. To slow down the spread of this virus, social distancing is required to be maintained. This paper proposes a smart door system that helps in fast temperature scanning of people and ensures social distancing at public places. The proposed system also automatically opens or closes the doors at public places and switches the appliances on the basis of the number of people present. The system design is based on Internet of things (IoT) and is embedded using Arduino Uno. This is an efficient and low-cost model to control the spread of infectious disease. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Security Access Control System Enhanced with Face Mask Detection and Temperature Monitoring for Pandemic Trauma

COVID-19 has affected the livelihood of millions around the world. Pass-infection of the virus between the personnel is a large threat factor. During this pandemic, it's mandatory to wear a mask to prevent the spread of the COVID19. Biometrics and face detection are commonly used to track individual employees' attendance but face recognition methods are ineffective because wearing mask obscures a portion of the face. This biometric can be a medium for the transmission of viruses. The proposed system implements COVID preventive measures such as mask detection and monitors body temperature. In addition, the proposed system checks for authorized persons using RFID technology and employs fingerprint verification application via individual mobile phones for attendance purposes. The system predominantly inspects presence of face masks, then keeps track of body temperature and ultimately controls the automatic door associated with it using RFID technology and android app based fingerprint recognition to allow access to people with authorization. © 2022 IEEE.

COVID Vaccine Transport, Storage, and Distribution: Cold Chain Management to Ensure Efficacy.

The Vaccines for Children Program (VFC) is a federally funded program in the United States, providing vaccines to children who lack health insurance or who otherwise cannot afford the vaccination cost. The VFC program was created in 1993 and is required to be a new entitlement of each State's Medicaid plan. The program was officially implemented in October 1994 and served eligible children in all United States (US). Other countries, the United Nations (UN), and the World Health Organization (WHO), have similar programs. A critical aspect of these programs is the guidance surrounding the environmental monitoring of the materials. To best maintain the integrity of these products, specific storage parameters are required. It is necessary to store most vaccines at refrigeration or freezing temperatures. To best assure the efficacy of the vaccines, monitoring standards and equipment are specified. The technology and methodologies may be adequate for these programs' materials; these same methods are not for the COVID vaccine. [1] When reviewing the guidance recommendations worldwide, one may observe commonalities in the program. Each guidance calls for the use of digital data loggers (DDL), sampling rates of 15 to 30 minutes, daily check-in (during business hours), and the use of a temperature buffer, each without specificity. [2] The inadequacies of the VFC program monitoring methodologies fall far short when monitoring COVID vaccines. Herein considerations for the transport, storage, and distribution of the COVID vaccine cold chain will be discussed.

IoT-Based Distributed Body Temperature Detection and Monitoring System for the Implementation of Onsite Learning at Schools

During the Covid-19 pandemic, teaching and learning activities were carried out virtually. It has been running for more than one year. When the trend of Covid-19 cases decreased, onsite learning began to be trialed by implementing strict health protocols. One of the important parameters for the first screening is body temperature because 99% of Covid-19 patients have fever. Therefore, a student temperature measurement mechanism is needed before entering the school area. A number of temperature detectors should be located to prevent queues. A distributed real-time monitoring system as well as data records are required for daily evaluations. Therefore, in this study, a distributed system for measuring body temperature was designed and implemented with data recording. This system runs online real-time on an internet network client server application. This system consists of four temperature detectors connected to a mini-computer as data control and an access point to a dedicated network. All sensor nodes can send data simultaneously. A web server application is provided for data storage and access to the client. From testing the proposed system, it is known that the system can send real-time data with a delay of <150 ms on several measurements and other measurements >150 ms because it really depends on the quality of internet service. The application can run an alarm function if it finds a temperature exceeding the threshold. This system has been implemented in one of a private school in the city of Bandung. With this system, it is hoped that it can support onsite learning activities in schools. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

A Novel Non-Invasive Thermometer for Continuous Core Body Temperature: Comparison with Tympanic Temperature in an Acute Stroke Clinical Setting.

There is a growing research interest in wireless non-invasive solutions for core temperature estimation and their application in clinical settings. This study aimed to investigate the use of a novel wireless non-invasive heat flux-based thermometer in acute stroke patients admitted to a stroke unit and compare the measurements with the currently used infrared (IR) tympanic temperature readings. The study encompassed 30 acute ischemic stroke patients who underwent continuous measurement (Tcore) with the novel wearable non-invasive CORE device. Paired measurements of Tcore and tympanic temperature (Ttym) by using a standard IR-device were performed 3-5 times/day, yielding a total of 305 measurements. The predicted core temperatures (Tcore) were significantly correlated with Ttym (r = 0.89, p < 0.001). The comparison of the Tcore and Ttym measurements by Bland-Altman analysis showed a good agreement between them, with a low mean difference of 0.11 ± 0.34 °C, and no proportional bias was observed (B = -0.003, p = 0.923). The Tcore measurements correctly predicted the presence or absence of Ttym hyperthermia or fever in 94.1% and 97.4% of cases, respectively. Temperature monitoring with a novel wireless non-invasive heat flux-based thermometer could be a reliable alternative to the Ttym method for assessing core temperature in acute ischemic stroke patients.